In short: JAC (Jharkhand Academic Council) Class 12 exams 2027 are expected in February. The syllabus is NCERT-based. Every paper has an objective section answered on an OMR sheet and a subjective section written in the answer booklet. This guide lists the most expected questions chapter by chapter for Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Maths) and Commerce (Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics). They are drawn from repeat patterns in recent JAC papers. Prepare the objective section from NCERT lines and the subjective section from the questions below.
JAC Class 12 Paper Pattern 2027 — Quick Recap
| Stream / Subject | Theory | Practical / Internal | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physics, Chemistry, Biology | 70 | 30 (practical) | 100 |
| Mathematics | 80 | 20 (internal) | 100 |
| Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics | 80 | 20 (project/internal) | 100 |
| Pass marks | 33% per subject |
Paper structure: Each paper starts with an objective section (MCQs) marked on an OMR sheet. A subjective section follows, with very short, short and long answers in the answer booklet. The objective share is roughly 30-50% of theory marks depending on the subject. Check the latest JAC model paper on jac.jharkhand.gov.in for your subject's exact split.
OMR tips: Use only a blue/black ballpoint pen. Fill the bubble completely. Never overwrite, because an overwritten bubble is usually treated as wrong. There is generally no negative marking, so attempt every MCQ.
Physics — Important Questions
| # | Question | Chapter | Marks Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Derive the electric field on the axial line and the equatorial line of a dipole | Electric Charges and Fields | Long |
| 2 | State Gauss's theorem. Find the field due to an infinite plane sheet of charge | Electric Charges and Fields | Long |
| 3 | Derive the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor (with and without a dielectric) | Electrostatic Potential | Long |
| 4 | State Kirchhoff's laws. Derive the balance condition of a Wheatstone bridge | Current Electricity | Long |
| 5 | Use the Biot-Savart law to find the magnetic field at the centre of a circular loop | Moving Charges and Magnetism | Long |
| 6 | Explain the principle and working of an AC generator. Derive its EMF | EMI / AC | Long |
| 7 | Transformer: principle, working, energy losses | Alternating Current | Short |
| 8 | Derive the lens maker's formula | Ray Optics | Long |
| 9 | Young's double slit experiment: derive the fringe width | Wave Optics | Long |
| 10 | Einstein's photoelectric equation; draw the graph of stopping potential vs frequency | Dual Nature | Short |
| 11 | Bohr's postulates; energy levels of the hydrogen atom | Atoms | Short |
| 12 | p-n junction diode as a full-wave rectifier (circuit + waveform) | Semiconductors | Short |
Objective focus: SI units, dimensional formulae, definitions (electric flux, drift velocity, mutual inductance), and the EM spectrum order.
Chemistry — Important Questions
| # | Question | Chapter | Marks Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Raoult's law; elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point numericals | Solutions | Short/Numerical |
| 2 | Nernst equation; calculate the EMF of a cell | Electrochemistry | Numerical |
| 3 | Kohlrausch's law and its applications | Electrochemistry | Short |
| 4 | First-order rate equation; half-life numerical | Chemical Kinetics | Numerical |
| 5 | Transition elements: variable oxidation state, coloured ions, catalytic property | d- and f-Block | Short |
| 6 | Preparation and properties of KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ | d- and f-Block | Long |
| 7 | IUPAC naming of coordination compounds; VBT for [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ | Coordination Compounds | Short |
| 8 | SN1 vs SN2 mechanism | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Short |
| 9 | Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe's reaction, Williamson synthesis | Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers | Short |
| 10 | Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction; Tollens' and Fehling's tests | Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids | Long |
| 11 | Hoffmann bromamide reaction; carbylamine test; diazotisation | Amines | Short |
| 12 | Structure of glucose; difference between DNA and RNA | Biomolecules | Short |
Objective focus: Name reactions (match reagent to product), the order of basicity of amines, and colligative property definitions.
Biology — Important Questions
| # | Question | Chapter | Marks Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Draw and label the L.S. of a flower / embryo sac. Explain double fertilisation | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Long + Diagram |
| 2 | Spermatogenesis vs oogenesis (labelled diagrams) | Human Reproduction | Long + Diagram |
| 3 | Contraceptive methods; MTP; STDs | Reproductive Health | Short |
| 4 | Monohybrid and dihybrid cross with Punnett square (3:1, 9:3:3:1) | Principles of Inheritance | Long |
| 5 | Sex-linked inheritance: haemophilia / colour blindness | Principles of Inheritance | Short |
| 6 | Structure of DNA; semi-conservative replication (Meselson-Stahl) | Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Long |
| 7 | Lac operon (diagram) | Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Short + Diagram |
| 8 | Hardy-Weinberg principle; Darwinism | Evolution | Short |
| 9 | Life cycle of Plasmodium; innate vs acquired immunity | Human Health and Disease | Long |
| 10 | Steps of recombinant DNA technology; PCR | Biotechnology: Principles | Long |
| 11 | Bt cotton; RNA interference | Biotechnology: Applications | Short |
| 12 | Ecological pyramids; in-situ vs ex-situ conservation | Ecosystem / Biodiversity | Short |
Diagram tip: Biology answers with neat, labelled diagrams score noticeably better. Practise embryo sac, the human reproductive systems, DNA, the lac operon and a Plasmodium life cycle at least 3 times each.
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Mathematics — Important Questions
| # | Question | Chapter |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Check whether a relation is reflexive, symmetric and transitive; show a function is one-one and onto | Relations and Functions |
| 2 | Principal values; inverse trigonometric identities | Inverse Trigonometric Functions |
| 3 | Solve a system of linear equations by the matrix method | Matrices / Determinants |
| 4 | Continuity and differentiability of piecewise functions; derivatives of implicit and parametric functions | Continuity and Differentiability |
| 5 | Maxima and minima word problems; increasing and decreasing functions | Application of Derivatives |
| 6 | Integration by parts and partial fractions; definite integrals using properties | Integrals |
| 7 | Area under a curve / between two curves | Application of Integrals |
| 8 | Solve a linear differential equation and a homogeneous differential equation | Differential Equations |
| 9 | Vector product; area of a parallelogram; projection | Vector Algebra |
| 10 | Shortest distance between two lines | Three Dimensional Geometry |
| 11 | Linear programming: graphical method | Linear Programming |
| 12 | Bayes' theorem; probability distribution of a random variable | Probability |
Weightage note: Calculus (Chapters 5-9) is the largest block of the Class 12 Maths paper. Integrals and Application of Derivatives alone can carry 20+ marks.
Accountancy — Important Questions
| # | Question | Chapter |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Profit and loss appropriation account with interest on capital and drawings | Partnership Fundamentals |
| 2 | Past adjustments; guarantee of profit to a partner | Partnership Fundamentals |
| 3 | Goodwill valuation: average profit, super profit, capitalisation methods | Goodwill |
| 4 | Admission of a partner: revaluation account, partners' capital accounts, balance sheet | Admission of Partner |
| 5 | Retirement/death of a partner: gaining ratio and executor's account | Retirement / Death |
| 6 | Dissolution of a firm: realisation account | Dissolution |
| 7 | Issue of shares at premium; forfeiture and reissue | Accounting for Share Capital |
| 8 | Issue and redemption of debentures | Debentures |
| 9 | Prepare common-size statements / comparative statements | Analysis of Financial Statements |
| 10 | Accounting ratios: current ratio, quick ratio, debt-equity, inventory turnover | Accounting Ratios |
| 11 | Cash flow statement (indirect method) | Cash Flow Statement |
Presentation tip: Draw the journal, ledger and balance sheet formats with a ruler. Show working notes separately. Accountancy examiners give step marks for correct working notes.
Business Studies — Important Questions
| # | Question | Chapter |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explain the nature and significance of management | Nature and Significance of Management |
| 2 | Fayol's 14 principles; Taylor's scientific management techniques | Principles of Management |
| 3 | Dimensions of business environment; demonetisation as an example | Business Environment |
| 4 | Steps in the planning process | Planning |
| 5 | Formal vs informal organisation; delegation vs decentralisation | Organising |
| 6 | Recruitment sources; steps in the selection process | Staffing |
| 7 | Maslow's need hierarchy; leadership styles | Directing |
| 8 | Steps in the controlling process | Controlling |
| 9 | Factors affecting capital structure and dividend decisions | Financial Management |
| 10 | Functions of SEBI; money market vs capital market | Financial Markets |
| 11 | Marketing mix (4Ps); functions of packaging | Marketing |
| 12 | Consumer rights and responsibilities; COPRA 2019 | Consumer Protection |
Economics — Important Questions
| # | Question | Part |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Circular flow of income (two-sector model) | Macro |
| 2 | Methods of calculating national income; GDP vs GNP; numericals | Macro |
| 3 | Money multiplier; functions of the central bank / RBI | Macro |
| 4 | Aggregate demand and supply; investment multiplier numerical | Macro |
| 5 | Excess demand and deficient demand: meaning and corrective measures | Macro |
| 6 | Government budget: revenue vs capital receipts; fiscal deficit | Macro |
| 7 | Balance of payments; fixed vs flexible exchange rate | Macro |
| 8 | Indian economy on the eve of independence | Indian Economic Development |
| 9 | Economic reforms of 1991 (LPG) | Indian Economic Development |
| 10 | Human capital formation; rural development and credit | Indian Economic Development |
| 11 | Employment: formal vs informal sector | Indian Economic Development |
| 12 | Comparison of India, China and Pakistan | Indian Economic Development |
Diagrams in Economics: Circular flow and AD-AS diagrams fetch easy marks. Label the axes clearly.
Objective Section Strategy (OMR)
| Step | What to Do |
|---|---|
| 1 | Read the NCERT textbook line by line. Most JAC MCQs come straight from NCERT sentences, definitions and tables |
| 2 | Solve 30-50 MCQs per chapter from JAC model papers and previous papers |
| 3 | Mark answers on a rough OMR at home to practise bubbling speed |
| 4 | In the exam, finish the objective section first, then move to subjective |
| 5 | Attempt every MCQ, since there is generally no negative marking |
8-Week Revision Plan (December to February)
| Week | Science Stream | Commerce Stream |
|---|---|---|
| 1-2 | Physics derivations + Chemistry physical numericals | Partnership accounts + Business Studies Ch 1-4 |
| 3-4 | Biology diagrams + Maths calculus | Share capital, debentures + Macro Economics |
| 5-6 | Organic name reactions + Physics optics/modern | Financial statements, cash flow + Indian Economic Development |
| 7 | Full JAC model papers (timed) | Full JAC model papers (timed) |
| 8 | Weak chapters + OMR MCQ practice | Weak chapters + OMR MCQ practice |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the JAC Class 12 syllabus based on NCERT?
Yes. JAC follows NCERT textbooks for Science and Commerce subjects. Questions, especially objective MCQs, are mostly framed from NCERT content. Read NCERT thoroughly before using any guidebook.
How is the JAC Class 12 objective section marked?
The objective section is answered on an OMR sheet and evaluated by machine. Fill each bubble completely with a blue or black ballpoint pen. Do not overwrite or use whitener. There is generally no negative marking, so attempt every MCQ.
Which chapters are most important for JAC Class 12 Physics?
Electrostatics, Current Electricity, EMI and AC, Optics (ray and wave) and Modern Physics carry the most marks. Derivations from these chapters (dipole field, Gauss's theorem, capacitor, lens maker's formula, YDSE) repeat often.
What should Commerce students focus on in Accountancy?
Partnership accounts (admission, retirement, dissolution) and company accounts (share capital, debentures) carry the largest share of marks. Cash flow statements and accounting ratios also appear regularly. Practise full-format questions with working notes.
How many model papers should I solve before the JAC exam?
Solve at least 3-5 full papers per subject: the official JAC model papers plus previous year papers. Do them under timed conditions, including the OMR section, in the last 6 weeks.
Can I write the JAC Class 12 exam in Hindi?
Yes. JAC allows Hindi and English medium. Most students write in Hindi. Choose one medium and use technical terms consistently throughout your answers.
Related Guides
JAC Class 12 Science Preparation | JAC Class 12 Commerce Guide | JAC Class 12 Arts Guide | JAC Date Sheet 2027 | JAC Model Paper 2027
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